Effective sensory processing is essential to higher-level cognition, as behavioural responses rely on processing and integration of sensory stimuli. Clues might be found in altered processing of sensory inputs, which are required for a comprehensive and accurate interpretation of the social environment. Although many genetic changes have been linked to ASD, the causes of the vast majority of cases remain unknown. Together, these findings also suggest that, while enhancement of visual behaviors under both photopic and scotopic conditions might be due to alterations in visual processing common to both rod and cone pathways, these mechanisms are probably downstream of photoreceptor function.Īutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an increasingly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder, characterised by deficits in social interactions and by restrictive behaviours and interests 1, 2, 3, 4. These behavioral results, which are similar to findings in a subset of ASD patients, indicate a bias toward processing information of high spatial frequencies. Using the optokinetic reflex to evaluate visual function, we observed robustly enhanced visual response to finer spatial details and more subtle contrasts at only higher spatial frequencies in the BTBR mice, under both photopic and scotopic conditions. Here, using BTBR mice as a model of idiopathic ASD, we assessed retinal stimulus processing by full-field electroretinogram and found impaired photoreceptor function and retina-based alterations mostly in the cone pathway. However, mixed results of human studies have led to much debate, and investigations using animal models have been limited. Meanwhile, increasing studies on visual function in ASD have pointed to detail-oriented perception, which has been hypothesized to result from heightened response to information of high spatial frequency.

Atypical visual perception and integration have been recognized as key phenotypes in individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and may potentially contribute to impediments in normal social development, a hallmark of ASD. To find a misplaced pointer by pressing the Ctrl key, under Visibility, select the Show location of pointer when I press the Ctrl key check box.Human social cognition relies heavily on the processing of various visual cues, such as eye contact and facial expressions. To ensure that the pointer doesn't block your view of the text you're typing, under Visibility, select the Hide pointer while typing check box. To make the pointer easier to find when you move it, under Visibility, select the Display pointer trails check box, and then move the slider toward Short or Long to decrease or increase the length of the pointer trail. In some programs, you'll need to move the mouse pointer to the button you want to click.) To speed up the process of selecting a choice when a dialog box appears, under Snap To, select the Automatically move pointer to the default button in a dialog box check box. To make the pointer work more accurately when you're moving the mouse slowly, under Motion, select the Enhance pointer precision check box. To change the speed at which the mouse pointer moves, under Motion, move the Select a pointer speed slider toward Slow or Fast. In the search box, type mouse, and then click Mouse.Ĭlick the Pointer Options tab, and then do any of the following: Open Mouse Properties by clicking the Start button, and then clicking Control Panel.

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